NCERT Geography Class 7 Chapter 9

A cluster of houses is called a settlement. The growth and development of settlements depend on- suitable land, availability of water, favorable climate, and fertile land. Temporary settlements are occupied for a small period of time such as in the case of shifting cultivation and transhumance. Permanent settlements have been built under a particular layout plan, they can be for various purposes like office, residential, or recreation. Settlements are classified on the basis of their primary functions as- rural and urban. The rural settlements have 75% population involved in primary activities; these settlements have a few houses and limited utility and social services; they can be compact, scattered, linear, or radial. Whereas, the urban settlements are characterized by non-agricultural functions; they are generally classified on the basis of economic activities it performs into- administrative, defense, cultural, industrial, and junction towns. The rural and urban areas are interdependent on each other and hence co-exist. After settlements, the next important thing is transport which means the movement of people, goods, and ideas from one place to another. The progress in science and technology led to the development of faster means of transport to cover large distances in a relatively lesser amount of time. Land transport requires well-developed roads and railways. Water transport uses sea routes and navigable rivers. Airways are the fastest and most expensive means of transport. Transfer of thoughts and ideas from one individual to another requires effective communication tools and techniques. Satellites have made communication easier and faster, reducing physical distances. Thus, the world today has become a large global society. Please refer to my YouTube link for further details on the topic-https://youtu.be/-4_yooykZjg