NCERT Geography Class 7 Chapter 8

The naturally growing plants comprise natural vegetation. It can be broadly classified as- forests(closed formation of trees growing in a particular area), grasslands(found in areas of low rainfall; as the amount of rainfall decreases forests give place to grasslands), and shrubs(short bushy plants that grow in extreme hot and cold areas). The forests of the world are broadly classified into 6 types- Tropical evergreen forests(tropical rainforests/equatorial forests); Tropical deciduous forests(monsoon forests); Temperate evergreen forests; Temperate deciduous forests; Mediterranean forests(around the mediterranean sea); Coniferous forests(taiga). The grasslands of the world are classified into two types- Tropical grasslands(savanna; Llanos in Venezuela; Campos in Brazil), and Temperate grasslands(found in the middle latitudes; Steppe in Europe; Prairie in N. America; Veld in S. Africa; Down in Australia). Shrubs are short bushy plants mostly found in hot deserts or in very cold regions- Desert vegetation(found in tropical and sub-tropical regions; located o western margins of continents; have thorns; thick stems; long roots and wax-coated leaves), and Tundra vegetation(found around the North Pole, Eurasia, and North America; permafrost region). Wildlife includes plants and animals that live on the Earth’s surface. the animal species are called Fauna while the plant species are Flora. Animals, on the basis of their needs and adaptations, live in a particular region that is best suited for their survival and existence. Wild animals are being hunted for various human needs and desires like elephants for ivory; tigers and deers for their skin etc. Deforestation and poaching are other major reasons for the extinction of various species. In the current scenario, various Government action plans have been launched to protect and preserve the wildlife and vegetation. For further details on this chapter please refer to my YouTube link-https://youtu.be/09k1Zyo1cH4